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Gaius Valerius Flaccus (consul)
Gaius Valerius Flaccus (''fl.'' early 1st century BC)〔Given the age requirement for the consulship, Flaccus would have been born no later than the mid-130s BC.〕 was a consul of the Roman Republic in 93 BC and a provincial governor in the late-90s and throughout the 80s.〔T.R.S. Broughton, ''The Magistrates of the Roman Republic'', vol. 2, 99 B.C.–31 B.C. (New York: American Philological Association, 1952), pp. 9, 10 (note 4), 18, 58–59, 61, 64, 70, 77–78, 628.〕 He is notable for his balanced stance during the Sullan civil wars, the longevity of his term as governor, and his efforts to extend citizenship to non-Romans.
==Life and career==
Valerius Flaccus was praetor sometime before 95 BC, most probably in 96.〔Based on the date of his consulship and evidence from Cicero, ''Pro Balbo'' 55, and Valerius Maximus 1.1.1; Broughton, ''Magistrates'', p. 10.〕 An inscription from Claros indicates that following his praetorship and before 95 he held a promagisterial command in the Roman province of Asia.〔T. Corey Brennan, ''The Praetorship in the Roman Republic'' (Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 442 (online ) and p. 552 (online ).〕 Both he and his brother Lucius, who was a governor of Asia in the late 90s and again for 85, are honored as patrons of the city of Colophon in Lydia.〔Claude Eilers, ''Roman Patrons of Greek Cities'' (Oxford University Press, 2002), p. 79 (online ) and p. 137 (online. ) Lucius was murdered before he reached his province for the year of 85.〕 The two are the first Roman governors known to be addressed as patrons of a free city, a practice that became common in the 60s BC.〔Richard Gordon with Joyce Reynolds, "Roman Inscriptions 1995–2000," ''Journal of Roman Studies'' 93 (2003), p. 225.〕
Flaccus may have been a candidate for the consulship of 94, losing to the ''novus homo'' C. Coelius Caldus, who is said to have run against two highly distinguished ''nobiles'' and beaten one of them.〔''Commentariolum Petitionis'' 11.〕 It was not unusual for a defeated candidate to run again the following year, often with success.〔T.R.S. Broughton, "Candidates Defeated in Roman Elections: Some Ancient Roman 'Also-Rans'," ''Transactions of the American Philosophical Society'' 81 (1991), pp. 19–20 (online. )〕 The colleague of Flaccus in the consulship of 93 was M. Herennius.〔David L. Vagi, ''Coinage and History of the Roman Empire'' (Taylor & Francis, 1999), vol. 1, p. 33 (online. ) The election is discussed more fully by E. Badian, "Notes on Provincial Governors," ''Proceedings of the African Classical Associations'' (1958), as republished in ''Studies in Greek and Roman History'' (New York 1964), p. 94.〕
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